Insituciot LHetaiure Setiea—No* 209* 




«y^U/i</'>v<^%t>v a^U/y\^-<^ 










PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY 

F. A. OWEN PUB. CO., - DANSVILLE, N. Y. 
HALL & McCREARY, - - CHICAGO, ILL. 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES 

Five- Cent Classics and Supplementary Readers 

AN especially fine series of little books containing material needed for Sup- 
plementary Reading and Study. Classified and graded. Large type for 
lower grades. A supply of these books will greatly enrich your school work. 

iWf= This list is cottiianily being added to. If a substantial .lumber of bookf are to be 
ordered, or if other' titles than those shown here are desired, send for latest list. 



FIRST YEAR 
Fablef: arid Myths 

6 Fairy Stories of the Moon.— Magutre 

27 ^sop's Fables— Part \—Reiter 

28 ^^op's Fables— Part 11— Reiter 

29 ludian Myths — Bush 
140 Nursery Tales — Taylor 

174 Sun Myths— A'<?z7^r 

175 Norse L,egeuds, I — Reiter 
Nature 

1 Ivittle Plant People— Part 1— Chase 

2 Little Plant People— Part II— C/za^^ 
30 Story of a Sunbeam — Miller 

31 Kitty Mittens and Her Friends— Oai^* 
History 

32 Patriotic Stories (Story of the Flag, 

Story of Washington, etc.) — Reiter 
Lit-rature 
230 Rhyme and Jingle Reader for Beginners 

SECOND YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

33 Stories from Andersen— Tajy /or 

34 Stories from Grimm — Taylor 

36 I.ittle Red Riding YL006.— Reiter 

37 Jack and the Beanstalk — Reiter 

38 Adventures of a Brownie — Reiter 
i76 Norse L,egends, II — Reiter 
Nature 

3 Iviltle Workers (Animal Stories)— '^r/'t/j^ 

39 Little Wood Friends — Mayne 

40 Wings and Stings — Halifax 

41 Story ot ^ooX—Mayjie 

42 Bird Stories from the Poets— /<3//z'« 
History and Biography 

43 Story of the Maj^flower — McCabe 

45 Boyhood of Washington— T^/o/Z^r 

164 The Little Brown Baby and Other Babies 

165 Gemila, the ^ChOd of the Desert and 

Some of H^V^isters 

166 Louise on the««M.hiue and in Her New 

Home. (It»S. 164, i6s, 166 are ^^ Seven 
Little Sisters" by Jane Andrews) 

204 Boyhood of Lincoln — Reiter 

Literature 

152 Child's Garden of Verses — Stevenson 

206 Picture Stvidy Stories for Little Children 
— Cranston 

220 Story of the Christ ChWd—Hu shower 

THIRD YEAR 
Fables and Myths 

46 Puss in Boots and Cinderella — Reiter 

47 Greek Myths — Klingensmiih 

102 Thumbelina and Dream ^\.or\^s— Reiter 
146 Sleeping Beauty and Other Stories 
177 Legends of the Rhineland— il/cCa^^ 
Nature 
49 Buds, Stems and VrwWs— Mayne 

51 Story o{V\:vyi—Mayt,e 

52 Story of Glass — Hanson 



53 Adventures of a Little Watcrdrop 

— Mayne 
135 Little People of the Hills (Dry Air and 

Dry Soil Plants)— CAa^^ 
203 Little Plant People of the Waterways— 

Chase 
133 Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard — Part 

I. Story of Tea and the Teacup 

137 Aunt Marthc^'s Corner Cupboard— Part 

II. Story 01 Sugar, Coffee and Salt. 

138 Aunt Martha's Corner Cupboard— Part 

III. Story of Rice, Currants and Honey 
History and Biography 

4 Story of Washington — Reiter 
7 Story of Longfellow — McCabe 
21 Story of the ^\\%x'\va.s— Powers 
44 Famous Early Americans (Smith, Stan- 
dish, Penu) — Bush 

54 Story of Columbus — McCabe 

55 Story of Whittier— il/<:r«<!'^ 

57 Story of Louisa M. K\zoX.\.—Bush 

58 Story of Alice and Phoebe C&Ty-McFee 

59 Story of the Boston Tea Party -McLabe 
132 Story of Franklin — Faiis 

60 Children of the Northland- 57<5/! 

62 Childrenof the South Lands, I (Florida, 
Cuba, Puerto ^\co)—McFee 

63 Children of the South Lands, II (Africa, 
Hawaii, The Philippines)— i1^t/=V^ 

64 Child Life in the Colonies— I (New 

Amsterdam) — Baker 

65 Child Life in the Colonies— II ^Pennsyl- 

V2i.-Q.\^)— Baker 

66 Child Life in the Colonies-III(Virgin- 

ia) — Baker 

68 Stories of the Revolution— I (Ethan 

Allen and the Gieen Mountain Boys) 

69 Stories of the Revolution— II (Around 

Philadelphia) — McCabe 

70 Stories of the Revolution— III (Marion, 

the Swamp Fox) — McCabe 

71 Selections from Hiawatha (For 3rd, 4th 

and 5th Grades) 
167 Famous Artists, I — Landseer and Bor.- 

heur. 
Literature 

67 Stor}^ of Robinson Crusoe — Bush 

72 Bow-Wow and Mew-Mew — Craik 

233 Poems Worth Knowing-Book I-Priniary 

FOURTH YEAR 
Nature 

75 Story of Coal — McKane 

76 Story of Wheat— //"a/z/ajr 

77 Story of Cotton — Brown 

78 Stories of the Backwoods— i^^z7^»- 

134 Conquests of Little Plant People— Oa5^ 
136 Peei-s into Bird Nooks, l—Mcl ee 
181 Stories of the '$,\.&r%—McFee 
205 Eyes and No Eyes and the Three Giants 
Continued on third cover 



July, 1912 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES 

THE LEWIS km CLARK 
EXPEDITION 



BY 

Carrie P. Herndon 




PUBLISHED JOINTLY BY 

F. A. OWEN CO., DANSVILLE, N. Y. 



HALL & Mccreary, Chicago, ill. 



.7 



Copyright, 1912, by 
F. A. OWEN PUBLISHING CO. 



Lewis and Clark Expedition 



52505 



g;CI.A325059 



The Lewis and Clark Expedition 




«./^is/>.*»v5^^ZA, O^U-fy.^-^^ 



If we should take the Great 
Northern Kailway and travel into 
the Dakotas and Montana in wheat 
harvest time, what sights would 
meet our eyes ! A single field 
containing a thousand acres or more 
of golden grain stretches away just 
as far as the eyes can see. A dozen 
harvesters and more than a hundred 
men are busy caring for the grain in 
one field. If we have gone into Montana, where no dew 
falls, a giant power harvester is cutting, threshing and 
bagging the grain ready for market. It is very hard, 
as we view all this, to think that a hundred years ago 
thousands of butfalos roamed over these same fields 
chased by half-naked Indians, but such is the case. 

Jefferson was our President at that time and he knew 
that though the country was wild there was much wealth 
there. The French at one time had 
owned all Canada and the Missis- 
sippi Yalley, stretching from the 
Appalachian to the Kocky Moun- 
tains. Of all the white men who 
came to our country the French 
entered best into Indian life. They 
loved the woods and roving life 
of the Indian. From the mouth 
of the St. Lawrence to this Mis- 
souri Eiver country of the great wheat fields was a 




4 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

two thousand miles' journey. Yet the French had trav- 
ersed this field thoroughly, and had carried away thou- 
sands upon thousands of dollars' worth of valuable furs. 
Jefferson reasoned this way : the great Missouri empties 
into the Mississippi. From the mouth of the Missouri 
at Si Louis it is easy to reach the Ohio, This river 
Ohio leads to our eastern country. Why should not 
Philadelphia or Baltimore grow rich from the trade in 
fur instead of Montreal, in Canada ? Our men are bold 
and strong. Daniel Boooe in Kentucky, and George 
Bogers Clark in Illinois and Indiana, have handled the 
Indians quite as well as the French. If we could have 
some one go up the Missouri from its mouth at St. 
Louis far into the Northland and carefully map out the 
journey so our traders wcjald know the road, we could 
capture this wealth in furs wliich is now drained off 
through Canada. Ideas of this sort had been in Jeffer- 
son's mind for years. He saw far into the future and 
■wanted every good thing possible for his people. Early 
in 1803 Congress, at the president's advice, appropriated 
$25,000 for the purpose of opening up this trade to the 
United States. Jefferson declared,'* An intelligent officer 
with ten or twelve men fit for the enterprise and willing 
to undertake it, might explore the whole line even to the 
W^estern Ocean, have conferences with the natives on 
subjects of commercial intercourse, get admission among 
them for our traders, as others are admitted, agree on a 
convenient deposit for an interchange of articles, and re- 
turn with the information desired, in two summers. 

In April of 1803 we purchased from France the vast 
region known as Louisiana. The people of the Missis- 
sippi Valley were filled with joy. The people of Ken- 
tucky and Tennessee had much flour and pork, corn, 
cattle and tobacco to sell. These they carried down the 
Mississippi. They sold their goods in New Orleans or 
loaded them there on a vessel bound for some Atlantic 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 5 

port. When the Spaniards owned the mouth of the Mis- 
sissippi and all the land west of the river, these people 
of Kentucky and Tennessee received all sorts of insults. 
Haughty Spaniards charged them heavy toll for storing 
goods, or refused them altogether. Americans had their 
cargoes confiscated at times for the slightest offense. 
What use to work hard to raise a crop of tobacco or 
wheat, to build a flatboat for your crop, to carry it all 
the way from Kentucky to New Orleans, when you may 
lose it all ? W^hen the French bought the land west of 
the Mississippi from Spain, greater fear than ever filled 
the mind of the Kentucky farmer. France had once 
owned all the land from the Eocky to the Appalachian 
mountains. Suppose she reconquers her former terri- 
tory east of the Mississippi. And why might she not? 
The great Missouri Kiver valley was still full of French 
traders. The Indians were much attached to the French. 
Did not the French buy their furs and supply them with 
guns, knives, hatchets and kettles ? Surely the Indians 
might be counted on to assist the French in retaking her 
former territory. Imagine the joy of the Kentucky set- 
tler when he learned that all the land west to the Rockies 
had been bought by President Jefferson, and that the 
Mississippi from source to mouth was ours to use in 
trade with never a penny to pay though we travel its 
entire length. The rich furs of the great Missouri 
Valley belong to us, belong to any man who will go and 
take them. Homes for thousands upon thousands of 
families might be had in this great West for a song. 
Surely President Jefferson did a wise thing when he 
bought this land. A single business block in St. Louis, 
Kansas City, Minneapolis or St. Paul today is worth 
almust as much as Jefferson paid for the whole region. 
Notice on the map how much was added to our area 
b}' tlie purchase of Louisiana. The one great river shown 
on the map in the Louisiana Purchase Territor}^ is ^he 



6 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 




THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 7 

Missouri. When you see how splendidly this river 
reaches its branches into all parts of the region, you will 
understand why Jefferson decided that by exploring and 
making a map of this river, we might be able to guide our 
fur traders and settlers into this great unknown land. 
You will see, too, that before the day of railroads the 
Missouri furnished the only road into this territory. 

If a region is to be explored and mapped, a suitable 
man must be found to take charge of the enterprise. 
Jefferson selected for tbe undertaking his secretary, 
Meriwether Lewis of Charlottesville, Virginia. This 
man was wonderfully well fitted for the task. It is said 
that when a lad of eight he used to take his dogs and 
go alone into the woods to hunt for coons and 'possums. 
W'hile on these trips he stopped at nothing. He waded 
ur swam the coldest streams, climbed the roughest hills. 
Others grew tired and gave up. Not so with Lewis. 
He knew neither fear nor fatigue, and when once he set 
his heart on doing a thing he knew no such word as fail. 
He knew the woods and streams of his own section like 
a book. He loved trees, and plants, and animals, and 
was never so happy as when searching for their secrets. 
Jefferson said of him, "He is honest, disinterested, of 
sound understanding, and has a fidelity to truth so 
scrupulous that whatever he sliould report would be as 
certain as if seen by ourselves. He is steady in the 
maintenance of discipline and as careful as a father of 
those committed to his care." To this man, Jefferson 
committed the task of winning the Indians in all this 
vast land. He was to make them believe that the 
United States was their friend, that it was able and 
willing to protect them and that it would pay well for 
their furs. To cement our friendly relations with the 
Indians, Lewis was to bring some of the chiefs back to 
Washington. The second task of Lewis was to learn all 
he possibly could about the climate, soil, plants, ani- 



8 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

inals, curious remains and Indian legends. He must 
also take the exact longitude and latitude of each river 
mouth, bend, and source, so that his data might be used 
in making a map to guide traders and settlers. The 
task of Lewis was not confined to the Missouri River 
valley. We did not own the lands to the Pacific in the 
Northwest, but we might own them some day. Besides, 
the mountains furnished the homes of the beaver whose 
glossy coat was so much prized that it passed as money 
in Kentucky. Our trappers will hunt this little creature, 
hence they must know the mountain passes. Some route 
must be f oun 1 that leads from the Eocky Mountains to 
the Pacific. We may need this outlet for our trade. 
The task uf Lewis, then, is to ascend the Missouri to its 
source, cross the Eocky Mountains and descend to the 
Pacific Coast. We cross the continent so easily today on 
the train that it is hard to realize how gigantic was the 
task set for Captain Lewis. The time required then 
may be appreciated when I tell you that Sacajawea, the 
Indian squaw who was so valuable as interpreter, gave 
birth to a child on the journey, and he was a chubby 
child almost two years old when they returned. 

For so great a task a second leader must be found, for 
should Lewis be killed by a hostile Indian or die of 
hardships the journey would prove a failure. As his 
fellow captain, Lewis chose William Clark of Kentucky. 
Certainly a wiser choice could not have been made. He 
was a brother of the famous George Eogers Clark. That 
man, by his unheard of pluck and good sense, took Kas- 
kaskia and Vincennes from the English in the Eevolution 
and won the Northwest Territory for us. To him was 
due the fact that we got the Mississippi and not the 
Appalachian Mountains as our western boundary at the 
close of the Eevolution. William was but ten years old 
when his brother George Eogers performed his Hercu- 
lean task. Now William is a man in the very prime of 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 9 

life, strong of limb, sure with the rifle, of undaunted cour- 
age, used to all the hard frontier life of Kentucky, a 
warm friend to the Indian and understanding his nature 
as few have understood it. This was the man to accom- 
pany Lewis and to share the responsibility with him. 

The men that made up the party were selected with 
great care. They, too, must be men of courage and will- 
ing to undergo great hardships. At last they were 
chosen. Four sergeants, twenty-three privates, nine Ken- 
tucky hunters, two French interpreters, Sacajawea the 
Indian wife of one of the interpreters, and Clark's burly 
negro, York, made up the party. Sixteen soldiers and 
watermen were added to go as far as the Mandan Indian 
lands in Dakota. Kentucky means ' 'Dark and Bloody 
Ground." In that land, before the whites came, was 
the choicest hunting in all the region east of the Missis- 
sippi. No Indian tribe was allowed to own that land. 
-All might hunt there. Many Indian quarrels and wars 
were developed on that hunting-ground. The white man 
in Kentucky must win the rich blue-grass lands from the 
many Indians who contended for it. It is little wonder 
they were called the Long Knives. As many as three 
thousand buffalos were seen by Daniel Boone and his 
friends at one time in Kentucky. Kentucky was famous 
all over our land for its splendid hunters and Indian 
fighters. Clark was himself from Kentucky, hence he 
chose many of his trusted friends from Kentucky to help 
make up his part3^ 

The winter of 1803-4 was spent at Camp Du Bois, op- 
posite the mouth of the Missouri. Lewis spent the time 
purchasing supplies and c[uestioning every Frenchman 
he found. He must know about the lands they were to 
traverse and the nature of the Indian tribes they would 
encounter. Clark drilled the men, . for they must be 
ready at a moment's notice to repel an attack of the 
Indians. At last all was ready. A keel boat fifty -five 



10 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

feet long propelled by twenty-two oars and a fine sail 
was their pride. In it was stored their food, guns, am- 
munition, kettles and knives, blankets, clothing and a 
fine lot of trinkets, such as bells, beads, fancy feathers, 
paints and the like for the Indians. 

On May 14, they started up the Missouri. The great 
keel boat was followed by two small boats, one of six the 
other of seven oars. It seems late in the season to start 
when the journey was so great. You must not forget, 
though, that great floods and dangerous ice-floes are in 
this section well into April in our own times. Besides, 
the journey to tlie Mandan Indian Land was to comprise 
the first summer's worko Plants, animals, soils, streams 
and tribes must all be studied and reported to the great 
President. 

Soon the party passed the home of Daniel Boone. 
When game grew scarce he had left Kentucky and pushed 
well up the Missouri where he could have elbow room, 
as he said. On June 5, they met two canoes of French- 
men from the Kansas Eiver with a rich cargo of beavers 
that represented their winter's catch. On June 26, they 
reached the mouth of the Kansas and found abundance 
of goats, wild turkey and antelopes. It was hard to get 
near the antelopes for they are very fleet of foot and can 
scent an enemy from afar. The Kentucky hunters soon 
observed that they had a weak point. They were very 
curious. The men accordingly slipped into the long 
grass and hid. Very cautiously they raised a hat sur- 
mounted on a stick. The curious little creatures crept 
up to find out the nature of this hat animal. The hunter 
lay quite still till the antelope was within gunshot, 
then a crack of the rifle and the poor little fellow lay 
quivering in the grass. 

If you can find a large map of the Missouri and 
follow the journey of Lewis and Clark you will find 
many creeks to which they gave names. I think you 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 11 

will know why they selected the names Turkey Creek, 
Lark Creek, Buffalo Creek, Fourth of July Creek and 
Independence Creek. 

The July weather was intensely hot. Men every day 
fell a victim to sunstroke, hence they had to proceed 
very slowly. Chemical tests of the river water proved 
it unhealthfiM. They had to seek deep places in the 
river bed to procure pure water. Food was scarce. Yet 
Indians might be seen almost any time. Lewis decided 
that he should begin to win the friendship of these men. 
He accordingly sent out runners to invite them to council. 
Just after he passed the mouth of the Platte he selected 
a place for the meeting, on a bluff overlooking the river. 
(Can you find on the map a modern cii.y that will tell 
you where they met?) 

Flour, meal and pork were sent the Indians to prove 
the good will of the whites. The Indians returned the 
courtesy by sending to the whites some watermelons. 
The Otoe and Missouri Indians came to the council and 
accepted the flag of our country, together with the gaudy 
garters, medals and paints presented them. They de- 
clared that they would be loyal to the United States 
providing they should receive help from us in their wars 
against the Omahas. (Can you find on jour map a 
modern city named for this tribe?) Lewis noted in his 
journal that this was a good place for a fort and trading 
station. It was at the junction of two great rivers. The 
soil was good for brick. Timber was convenient. The 
air was pure and bracing. Lewis and Clark were well 
pleased with their first Indian council. 

Soon the party was in the land of the Omahas, but 
instead, of a fierce and warlike people only blackened 
and charred remains of a former village were found. 
Great Blackbird, their chief, had fallen a prey to the 
dreaded disease, small-pox. Instead of vaccination to 
conquer this awful enemy, the poor Indians, seeing their 



12 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

wives and children dyinj^ by the hundreds, had. in des- 
pair, killed them. They had then set fire to their vil- 
lages and fled for their lives. Despairing of a council 
with these Indians, Lewis and Clark were soon on their 
way to the north. They examined the plants, birds, and 
soils and had wonderful success in their fishing. A sin- 
gle haul of their drag made of willow twigs landed three 
hundred fish. But delightful as this sport was they had 
to leave it and push on up the river. 

Then they came to the land of the Sioux Indians. 
(Can you find a city in Iowa named for this tribe ?) The 
liunters realized that autumn was coming, for although 
the sun was still very hot, ripe grapes and plums were 
now to be found in abundance. Soon they were in sight 
of the Sioux village, which was a pleasant sight indeed. 

\ J V \! i^ a. The lodges were 
made like our 
circular tents 
and were kept 
in place by thir- 
teen long poles. 
These at one 
end were se- 
curely tied in a 
'--^--.......^.IL^r*"" cluster about 

Sioux' Village eighteen inches 

from the top. The opposite ends of the poles were spread 
apart, making a great circle on the ground. The tent 
covering was of skins painted in a very gaudy fashion. 
Fifteen to twenty persons could be accommodated in a 
lodge, so large were they. These Indians proved very 
friendly, offering to carry the white men on buffalo 
skins and feasting them on dog meat. The Indians en- 
tertained the whites with target shooting and the war 
dance. Lewis and Clark distributed freely bells, bright 
tape, knives and tobacco. Lewis was glad to have won 




THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 13 

the friendship of this tribe for they were fine specimens 
of the Indian race. They were tall, strong and fearless 
and elegantly dressed in buckskin and blankets. For 
adornment they had a plentiful supply of paint and 
feathers, and necklaces of bears' claws. Autumn was 
advancing. The leaves were now all brown and red and 
gold. Nuts might be heard constantly dropping in the 
woods. Deer, buffalos and antelope were quietly graz- 
ing in the glades, while over all hung a blue haze. 
Sometimes villages of prairie dogs came in sight and the 
saucy little fellows actually dared to climb to the very 
dome of their houses and sit on their hind legs while 
the boats moved silentlj^ up-stream. 

The Teton Indians were next 
visited. Theyprofessed friend- 
ship and received the presents 
of the whites gladly. But 
when Clark attempted to put 
out from the shore, a Teton 
gave the signal and instantly 
his followers seized mast and 
rope. Others made ready for 
war. Clark and twelve of his 
followers began to load the ^"^^"^ ^^^' 
small gun on board the keel boat and others of the party 
made ready their arms. The Indians now swam out to 
the boat and professed the greatest friendship. They 
declared their desire to detain the whi<-es was due to a 
wish that their women might see them. Clark was in- 
duced to stay, but how gladly may be guessed from the 
name he gave the island nearby. He called it ''Bad- 
humored Island." The Indians now prepared to enter- 
tain the white men in royal style. Before the chief 
were placed two flags, the Spanish and American. To 
these flags the chief extended a bit of the fat dog pre- 
pared for the meal. This meant he desired to be frienda 




14 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

with our country. Then he took the long peace pipe dec- 
orated with bunches of bright feathers. He pointed it 
to the heaven, to the four corners of the earth, to the 
earth itself ; made a fine-sounding speech, lighted the 
pipe and gave it to Lewis and Clark. Then followed 
supper of dog meat, dried buffalo pounded and mixed 
with fat, and a queer vegetable dish of which our Irish 
potatoes seemed to be the chief part. After supper came 
dancing and the horrible music of the Indians. For in- 
struments there were sticks to wliich were tied hoofs of 
deer and goat, and dried skins filled with rocks. If jou 
think you can make a joyful noise with such things, try 
it. The policeman of this tribe may be interesting to 
boys. Instead of a bright star on his coat to show his 
office, he wore at the belt in the back three raven skins 
with the feathers on. A fourth was placed as a sort of 
cap on his head, and the fierce bird head projected from 
the policeman's forehead. At last our party started up- 
stream, but for miles the Tetons followed, begging for 
every thing in sight. Lewis and Clark were glad to 
shake off these beggars and to steer on up-stream into 
the Northlands. 

As autumn advanced, the water in the river became 
low and sand bars often blocked the way. Men must 
climb from the boat and wade, tugging and pulling at 
the ropes, to get the boats through the sand. Later, ice 
began to be troublesome and Lewis and Clark knew they 
must tie up for winter. They were now among the 
Mandans, and the place marked Fort Mandan on Map 
II was selected for winter quarters. This was a well 
chosen spot, for five villages of friendly Indians were 
within easy reach. Sixteen hundred miles they had 
traveled since they left the mouth of the Missouri. 
You must remember, though, that they followed not a 
straight line, but all the curves and bends of the river. 
Sixteen hundred miles of rowing up-stream or of walking 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 15 

along the banks, plunging through brush, weeds and heavy 
grasses in searc^h of food would certainly fit one for rest. 
Yet there was no rest in sight for our men. Boats must 
be built to carry back to Washington the maps of this 
sixteen hundred miles of water road. Houses must be 
built to shelter our men. Winter is coming and they 
are in a region where the thermometer may fall to forty 
below zero. Fortunately, our men are used to hard work, 
and they set to work with a will. The ax may be heard 
in the forest and sparks fly merrily from the hammer of 
the busy blacksmith. A series of warm log houses were 
soon built in the form of the letter V. On the inside 
of the hollow triangle was ample room to store away 
supplies under the sheds built there. The doors of the 
cabins all open upon the enclosed centre. In the rear 
were driven stout posts, so close together that no enemy 
could enter from that side. 

The blacksmith found his shop i^opular with the Indians 
for he fashioned arrow-heads, tomahawks and ax-heads. 
These things were exchanged for a goodly supply of 
corn. This gladdened the hearts of Lewis and Clark 
for they knew snow would soon cover the land, perhaps 
many feet deep, and lie on for weeks at a time, possibly 
for months. But with corn stored away for a wintry 
day they need have no fear. They hunted too, starting 
out at daylight and returning only when dark drove them 
to shelter. The buffalo meat was also dried and stored, 
for a family of forty-five men will need much food for 
winter. To buffalo meat the hunters added the flesh of 
the deer, elk, and beaver. But these were not preserved 
for the future as carefully as they should have been. 

Life was not all hard work at the camp, for on 
November twentieth the home was completed. It was 
named Fort Mandan. Indian women sometimes called 
on our party, but instead of coming in a carriage and 
sending in a card, they bore on their broad shoulders 



16 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

heavy baskets of corn and beans. Instead of being 
treated to a cup of tea and a wafer, these rugged women 
gladly accepted the gifts of iron kettles and cornmills. 
You will remember that these women did all the hard 
work of the Indian family. (What sort of kettles and 
corn mills had they used before the white men came?) 

Sometimes, too, when the day's work was done, Indians 
and whites sat together around a great fire and told 
stories to each other. The story of the origin of tho 
Mandan Indians was very amusing. They told the 
whites that their first home was far down in the earth 
beside a grea*: lake. Here all was dark and dreary, for 
no sunshine came to make them glad. One day a youth 
found the root of a grapevine hanging over his head. 
He seized it and began to climb. On and on he went 
till he came to the surface of the earth. Here he saw 
the sun, and the trees, and the birds. He gathered grapes, 
and carried them back down the grapevine root to his 
friends. All tasted the fruit and liked it very much. 
They decided to go up and find this land of sunlight 
for themselves. They began to climb up the root. One 
after antjther they climbed, till there were enough people 
to build nine villages. All might have come to the land 
of sunlight by this road, but at last a very fat squaw be- 
gan to climb the root. She was too heavy. The root 
broke and down she tumbled. The earth closed in about 
the broken root and shut up the passage-way so the rest 
were destined to stay forever in the land of darkness. 
When the Mandan died he believed he returned to this 
underground land. If he had been good he crossed the 
great lake to the happy hunting-ground. If he had been 
wicked he could not cross but must remain in the land 
of gloom. 

The hunting of the winter offered the greatest spice 
to life. Clark went hunting one day alone. Good luck 
must have followed his t4:acks for in a single day he 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 17 



shot and skinned seven buffalos. Night came on and 
witii it a snow storm. It was useless to try for home, 
and you or I might have felt there was nothing for us 
but to perish in the snow. Not so the valiant Clark. 
He made himself a nice place on the earth and covered it 
with a buffalo robe with the fresh meat still clinging in 
bits to the skin. Then he wrapped himself in his one 
blanket, lay down and covered himself with the robes. 
If one robe keeps a buffalo warm, surely seven should 
be enough for a man. It was, for in the morning he 
arose from his bed, trudged back to the fort and sent 
men to bring the meat. The Indians had a great device 
for capturing buffalos. A man would find for liimself 
a crevice large enough to let his body drop through, near 
the banks of a stream. He would cover himself with a 
great buffalo robe,' letting the head be raised high in the 
air. The buffalos would follow this queer buffalo crea- 
ture wherever the man inside might desire to lead. He 
would lead them to the bank of the stream, drop into the 
crevice selected for himself, while the great clumsy 
beasts would come plunging on, forcing the leaders of 
the herd over the bank into the stream below. The 
Indian hunters were near to shoot the wallowing beasts. 
The squaws would dress the meat and bear the heavy 
burdens home on 
their shoulders. 
The women were 
ever the burden 
bearers among the 
Indians. 

The Mandan 
Indian village 
was interesting. 
The great houses 
were round at the 
base and contained rooms for a number of families. 




Mandan Village 



18 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

The general appearance of each round house resembled 
a great hay stack. At the exact centre of the roof, 
that sloped away in all directions like the top of an 
umbrella, was a hole from which smoke came. This was 
from the great fire place in the ground immediately un- 
der the hole. At this central fire all the families of the 
great round house cooked. Each family occupied a room 
the shape of a slice of pie, and the common fire occupied 
the tip end of all the slices. Had the Mandan Indians 
been quarrelsome this round house life must have been 
very hard. They were not quarrelsome, however, but 
the kindest of friends. If a man were lost the whole 
village went in search of him. If a friend died they 
cut off a toe to express their grief. Even the aged and 
infirm met with kindness among them. 

Bitter winter came and at times corn was the only 
food of our party. Fortunately, the wares of the black- 
smith shop always brought corn from the Indians. In 
April the first rain fell that they had seen in five and one 
half months. The ice was now gone from the great river 
and the men prepared for the journey westward to the 
Pacific Ocean. 

Take a slip of paper the length of Kansas on Map No. 
11. , page 21. This represents .400 miles. Apply it to 
the map from Fort Mandan across to Fort Clatsop, and 
find how far Lewis and Clark must travel the second 
summer, if they are to complete the second half of their 
journey before another winter in the west shall come 
upon them. 

Sixteen of the men were delegated to take the great 
keel boat back to St. Louis, for, as the river narrowed 
and became shallow it could not be used. These men 
were to carry back to President Jefferson the news of the 
first half of the journey, together with all sorts of stuffed 
animals that had been secured in the sixteen hundred 
miles of hunting. Roosevelt's collection of wild animals 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 19 

from Africa will not be more greatly admired than was 
this collection first brought from our own far western 
land. 

In April the thirty-two men left behind started on 
their long westward journey to the Pacific. The 
weather was fine. Game was plentiful and the mouth 
of the Yellowstone was reached without adventure. 
(Find the mouth of this river on Map 11.) 

But now a serious experience was theirs. Sand, or 
rather dust, blew from the dry alkali lands. It blew in 
such clouds the men could not see across the river. Dust 
sifted into the food. It filled the clothing and even the 
drinking water was full of it. To our hardy travelers 
this was disagreeable but soon forgotten, for they loved 
the blue sky and green plants that greeted them directly. 

Soon worse things must be encountered, for the coun- 
try reached now was infested with all sorts of fierce 
animals. Wolves and bears were seen every day, and 
now and then a panther or an American tiger. The 
grizzly bear of all these is most to be dreaded. No 
Indian dared attack this savage creature unless backed 
by a party of Indians. Only shots through the head or 
heart are fatal, and ' ' they have been known to run a 
quarter of a mile with a shot through the heart before 
they fell dead." Captain Clark once encountered a 
grizzly. Ten shots were fired into his body before he 
reached the river. Even then he swam half-way across 
the river before he fell dead on a sand bar. At another 
time a single grizzly terrorized a party of six. The 
beast was gigantic in size and all six men landed from 
their canoe to engage in the fight. Two men fired. The 
shoulder wound they caused only goaded the bear to 
madness. It sprang at the two with such ferocity that 
they were glad to spring down the bank into their canoe. 
The four hid behind trees and shot at the great, mad- 
dened creature. Though wounded seven times, the bear 



20 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

made at the four in so determined a fashion that thej, 
too, plunged headlong for the stream. Three escaped. 
The fourth was in the clutches of the great beast when 
a shot from the canoe hit the bear squarely in the head 
and stretched him dead on the shore. 

From the mouth of the Yellowstone on Map II fol- 
low along the Missouri. You will see we are approach- 
ing the mountains. Many rapids now occur and the 
men are often waist deep in water, tugging at the boats 
to get them over the rapids. The stream is constantly 
growing narrower. In some places the banks were three 
hundred feet high. Following the Missouri you will see 
on the map that it soon divides into three branches ; 
the Marias, Teton and Missouri. When the Lewis and 
Clark party reached the junction of these three rivers 
they were very much disturbed. Which of the three 
should they follow? If they took the wrong one they 
might never succeed in crossing the mountains. They 
might €limb ridge after ridge of the hills till they 
were exhausted. And as the mountains afforded but 
little food they might all starve, and perish miserably. 
Most of the party were for taking the Marias. They 
said that the water was yellow like that they had gone 
through. Lewis and Clark said that the southern branch 
was clear and cold. It must rise high on the mountain 
ridge. By following the bed worn by this river they 
believed they could avoid climbing the mountain ridges. 
A stream probably rose near the source of this river 
which would lead them through the western slopes of 
the Eockies and into the Columbia. They followed the 
southern branch, not the Marias. (Which was the best 
road to the Columbia ?) 

For fear a mistake might have been made and that 
many weary miles would have to be retraced, they de- 
cided to hide one boat and a large part of the supplies. 
To do this a cache was made. The sod was very care- 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 21 



1-4 

sr 



^. 

3 


c 

P 

a 

a 
o 

c* 

3 

a* 




22 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

fully removed. A deep hole was dug. The utmost care 
was exercised that no bit of dirt be scattered through 
the grass. The hole was carefully lined with skins. 
The goods were deposited in the hole. More skins were 
spread on top, then earth, and finally the sod carefuUy 
placed in its original position. The work was so nicely 
done that no one might detect the hiding place. 

The party pushed on merrily. Lewis and four men 
traveled by land. They shot abundance of deer and wild 
turkeys and hung them on the trees for the main party 
that were toiling up stream dragging the boat and sup- 
plies. Captain Lewis was soon upon the falls of 
the Missouri. Now he was sure he was on the right 
road, for he passed a second and a third fall, just as 
the Indians had said. Yes, even the eagle-nest they had 
described was there just as it should have been. 

Imagine Lewis* delight as he climbed past all three 
falls and found the water still deep enough to float his 
boats. As he was planning in his own mind how best to 
get the boats past these falls a buffalo bounded past. 
Lewis leveled his gun and the great fellow fell dead in 
the grass. Visions of a tine buffalo steak broiled by the 
camp fire just flitted through the mind of the brave cap- 
tain when, to his horror, he saw a great bear not twenty 
steps away. A glance told him there was not a tree he 
could reach. His unloaded gun left him no alternative. 
He plunged into the stream and made a stand against 
the huge beast with the butt of his gun. The bear was 
so surprised by the defiant manner of Lewis that it 
whirled and fled. A few moments later Lewis saw the 
gleaming eyes of a panther crouching in his path. The 
gun was not empty now and before the beast could spring 
a sharp crack of the rifle was heard and the panther 
sought his hiding place. 

At length Captain Clark reached the falls with the 
main partv. Wagons must be built to haul the provisions 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 2S 

overland past the falls. For wheels they used cross sec- 
tions of a Cottonwood tree. For axles they took the 
mast of one of the boats. Not all could busy them- 
selves with the wagon but you may rest assured all were 
busy. Captain Clark went ahead searching out the best 
road to follow and driving stakes to mark the way. The 
hunters were very active getting food. Buffalo meat 
here was plentiful. Through the narrow passes leading 
to the falls crowded the great bulky fellows. So eager 
were they to get water, and so very ill-mannered, that 
they shoved their fellows right over into the tumbling 
water of the falls. As they jfloundered about they were 
killed and the flesh was jerked for future use. At last 
the great wagon was done and the men began the very 
hard task of dragging it, heavily loaded, past the falls. 
A sail from a boat was used and the wind pushed as 
hard as it could. Men tugged and pulled till they 
dropped half dead. Eight miles were passed in this 
way when the wagon broke down. But by dint of mend- 
ing it and carrying the provisions the last half mile 
they passed the falls. 

Now before they could proceed by water a boat must 
be built. A huge tree was selected and a great log, a bit 
over thirty-three feet long, was cut from the tree. 
Then began the long process of digging and hollowing 
necessary to construct the dugout. As the river banks 
narrow I think you can see how great would be the 
danger of crushing a boat on the rocks that rise above 
the water's edge. You can see, too, how serviceable this 
log boat would be. Soon the party reached the three 
forks which are numbered on Map II **!,'* **2" and 
**3". These rivers they named Jefferson, Madison and 
Gallatin. (Can you tell where they got the names?) 
Captain Clark had explored the country ahead and now 
the party were left in no uncertainty which road to take. 
Clark had fastened a note in a tree telling them to follow 



24 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

the Jefferson. As Clark was ill, Lewis now went in ad- 
vance of the party seeking out the road. Soon the en- 
tire party reached the mouth of a creek. A beaver had 
cut down the Iree to which Lewis had tied his note di- 
recting them. A short trip uj) the creek which they 
called the '* Wisdom" soon showed them their folly. 
They had to pile brush on a swampy island to keep 
themselves out of the mud during a night's encamp- 
ment. Next morning they were glad to retrace their 
journey back to the main channel of the Jefferson. 

Our men now realized how much they were in need of 
Indian guides. Lewis set out into the mountain country 
to find some. The Indians however proved very wary. 
Again and again they came near enough to see presents 
hoisted on poles, or to see Lewis spread his blankets 
from two corners in sign of hospitality. Then they fled 
into the distance. 

At last the Jefferson narrowed till it was but a tiny 
stream. A man of the party was able to stand astride 
the stream at the point marked "5" on Map II. This 
was indeed the head of the great Missouri. Is it not 
strange that the head is high up in the Eocky Mountains 
while the mouth lies far away at St. Louis ? 

On the map you will see how very short the trip from 
point "5" to the headwaters of the Columbia. A climb 
less than a mile led them to another tiny stream. It 
flowed westward and Lewis knew they had but to follow 
this widening stream to reach the Pacific. How far he 
had no idea. 

The Indians proved friendly but had no meat to set 
before our party. Some cakes made of dried berries 
were ottered and eagerly devoured. Our friends had not 
eaten since the day before and food of any sort would 
have tasted good. 

Indian guides must be secured, both to bring Clark 
and the main Dartv from the Jefferson, where thev had 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 25 




Statue of Sacajawea, the Indian Guide and Interpreter 



26 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

been left and to guide the whole band through the 
rugged lands of the Snake. Lewis begged and tried to 
hire the Indians to go back with him. At last he ac- 
cused them of being afraid. This was too much for the 
chief, who declared he would go alone. At last several 
Indians set off amid the loud wails of their squaws who 
were sure some death trap had been set for them. 
Should Lewis fail to meet Clark and the party he knew 
his life would pay the forfeit. On the other hand they 
could not hope to cross the Rockies without guides. 
Imagine the joy of the Indians when they finally ap- 
proached Clark's party to find in the midst an Indian 
squaw. She was fairly dancing and sucking her fingers 
to tell them that she was of their tribe. Hushing into 
their midst she threw her arms about the neck of her 
brother. She had been stolen from this mountain band 
of Indians and carried far down the Missouri. She had 
married one of the two French guides of the Lewis and 
Clark party. What a fine interpreter she was for this 
party ! 

Through Saoajawea, the squaw interpreter, Lewis and 
Clark learned how very dangerous was the way beyond. 
The Indians declared the Snake could not be navigated. 
Great whirlpools and rapids filled the channel. High 
rocky walls towered up on the side. For ten days they 
would cross a desert where no food could be secured. 
Wild, brutal Indians would fall upon them. Had our 
men been less courageous all might have ended here. 
These mountain Indians had ponies. If Lewis and Clark 
could not sail the Snake might they not ride over the 
rugged mountains that lined its banks ? At last twenty- 
nine horses were purchased from the Indians and the 
forward march began. 

The mountains were very rugged. Sharp rocks cut 
the horses' hoofs to the quick. They were often so lame 
they could not go. At times a horse would lose its feet 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 27 

and tumble down, down to the crags far below. Thick 
briers and underbrush tore the clothing of {he men and 
lacerated their flesh. Food became very scarce. Horse- 
flesh was their only meat. The streams they passed 
now they named "Colt Killed Creek" and "Hungry 
Creek." A few dogs were bought from the Indians for 
a change of food. 

Late in September they came to navigable water on 
the Snake. Trees had to be cut and canoes made again. 
Horses were branded and given into the care of the 
Indians and saddles were cached. 

Trouble was not yet at an end. The Columbia has 
narrows and rapids. The boats must at times be carried 
past them. Heavy rains fell. The fog was so dense that 
the party could not see its way. Six days of continuous 
rain soaked men and baggage completely. Food was 
scarce for so long that w-hen it was obtained all were 
sick from over -eating. 

Finally salt water from the ocean was noted by our 
party. They knew they were nearing the sea. On Map 
II you will find Fort Clatsop where they spent the 
winter of 1805-6. For four months they must wait till 
the rains were over and the snow somewhat cleared from 
the mountains before they could return home. 

Here they rested until spring, when they turned about 
and faced the vast expanse of mountains, rivers, and 
plains which must be covered before their report to their 
government could be made. Upon this return journey, 
they set out on the twenty -third of March, 1806. They 
proceeded up the Columbia and its branches until they 
reached "Travelers' Rest;" where they had left their 
horses.'* This river they had named Clark. Here the 
company divided into two parties, one headed by Lewis, 
the other by Clark. Lewis went down the river, and 
proceeded down the Missouri to the mouth of ths Yel- 
lowstone, where he was to halt for Clark, who pro- 



28 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

ceeded up the river : then entered the Yellowstone and 
joined his comrades with Lewis at the junction of the 
Yellowstone with the Missouri. Here the parties united 
and together travelled to the place of starting. 

The journal of Lewis and Clark told plainly the road 
to the Columbia Kiver country, or to Oregon as it was 
then called. You must not imagine, however, that 
settlers rushed into that country. In the first place 
there were no railroads and the journey was about four 
thousand miles from the Atlantic to the mouth of the 
Columbia. If land had been scarce in the East, men 
might have risked much to go to this far West. 
Illinois w^as then, however, almost entirely wild prairie 
lands. With thousands of farms in the Mississippi 
valley unoccupied, the settlement of tne Pacific Coast, 
many said, could not take place under one thousand 
years. It was doubtful whether or not so remote a 
section could ever become a part of the United States. 
One senator explained that no state could send a Senator 
from Oregon to Wasliiugton, D. C. , to take part in our 
national government. "The traveling expenses," he 
said, '* would make the matter impossible. The life of 
a congress is but two years. A congressman elected in 
Oregon could not reach Washington, D. C, before his 
term expired. ' ' (How long does it take our express 
trains now to make this journey?) 

The first to enter this far-away land was the fur 
trader, for the land was very rich in fur. Mackenzie, 
who was the discoverer of the river by that name, in 
Canada, said he found regions on the Pacific Slope in 
Canada, where "beavers had cut down several acres of 
large poplars. " The English Hudson Bay Company 
pushed their fur- trading stations into the Columbia 
valley. The American Fur Company did the same. 
In 1808 they established headquarters at St. Louis, and 
hired some hundreds of men who scoured the mountains 



THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 29' 

for furs. In the autumn the furs were all carried to a 
j^jreen valle.y between the mountains called a ^'Hole." 
Here the agents from St. Louis bought them. Wyeth 
in his description of the trading at Pierre's Hole says: 
* ' William Soublet purchased and carried back to St. 
Louis furs, worth perhaps $80,000, in a single season. 
The British propose to keep' the Columbia for fur 
trading. In order to do this settlers must be kept out 
for they kill and scare away the game. ' ' 

American settlers were the only ones to be feared. 
The British accordingh^ seized Fort Hall though it had 
been built by Wyeth, the American. This fort was on 
the Snake about one hundred miles north of Salt Lake 
City, and guarded the entry into the Columbia Yalley. 
For a long time they succeeded in turning back bands 
of settlers by telling them that the lands beyond were 
miserable deserts where they would all die of starvation, 
or by the tomahawks of the Indian. At last appeared at 
Fort Hall two hundred wagons and 875 settlers from 
the Mississippi valley, led by Marcus Whitman. He 
had been seven years a missionary in that very Colum- 
bia valley and only laughed at the foolish stories of the 
British. Soon his party were tilling farms in this 
valley pictured by the British as a dreary desert unfit 
for white men. The news of this success passed from 
mouth to mouth as traders passed up and down the 
Mississippi. Others were encouraged to follow their 
lead, In 1844 White, our Indian Agent, said we had 
about 4,000 settlers in Oregon. 

In 1846 a treaty was made between England and the 
United States, fixing our present northwestern boundary 
at 49°. It was not the fact that Captain Gray of 
Boston discovered the Columbia that gave us this 
territory. It was not because Astor of New York set- 
led the first town at the mouth of the Columbia. We 
did not get the valley of the Columbia because Lewis 



30 THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 

and Clark explored it throughout its whole course. All 
of these helped our claim. The strongest reason for 
our getting it was, that of the 12,000 settlers in Oregon 
in 1846, all but 1,000 were from the United States, 
Lewis and Clark pointed out the way, but the quiet 
home-builder with his wife "and children won for us the 
present states of Idaho, Washington and Oregon. 

In the spring of 1806 they set out for home, re- 
tracing their steps over the mountains and down the 
Missouri. The journey was long and hard, but so care- 
fully did they map the way that all who followed them 
as traders and home seekers had a sure guide. Thous- 
ands, upon horseback, in wagons, canoes and on tiains,. 
have followed their maps into the great West. 



SEP 5 1912 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURE SERIES - Continued. 



History and Biography 

5 Story of L,incoln—J?eiier 
56 Indian Children Tales— ^z^^A 
'79 Alrittle New England Viking— ^a^^r 

81 Story of TtcSoto— Hatfield 

82 Story of Daniel Boone — Reiter 

83 Story of Printing— i^/cCa^^ 

84 Story of David Crockett— i^^zV^r 

85 Story of Patrick Henvy—Litilefield 

86 American Inventors— I (Whitney and 

Fulton)— /^arz.J 

87 American Inventors- II (Morse and Edi- 

son)— /^arw 

88 American Naval Heroes (Jones, Perry, 

Farragut) — Bush 

89 Fremont and Kit Carson— /wrfrf 

178 Story of Lexington and Bunker Hill. 

182 Story of Joan of Arc — McFee 
Literature 

90 Selections from Longfellow— I 

91 Story of Eugene V\^\(S.—McCabe 

195 Night befoie Christmas and Other 
Christmas Poems and Stories. 

201 Alice's First Adventures in Wonder- 

land— Carro// 

202 Alice's Further Adventures in Wonder- 

land — Carroll 
207 Famous Artists II— Reynolds— Murillo 
III Water Babies (Abridged)— AVw^^/o' 
35 Goody Two-Shoes 
103 Stories from the Old Testament— 71/civ'^ 

FIFTH YEAR 
Nature 

92 Animal Life in the Sea — McFee 

93 Story of Silk — Brown 

94 Story of Sugar— ^^z7<?r 

96 What We Drink (Tea, Coffee and Cocoa) 
139 Peeps into Bird Nooks, Yl— McFee 

210 Snowdrops and Crocuses — Mann 

History and Biograpliy 
16 Explorations of the Northwest 
80 Story of the Cabots— il/c/;> ;Vf<? 

97 Story of the Norsemen — Hanson 

98 Story of Nathan YLaA^—McCabe 

99 Story of Jefferson — McCabe 
100 Story of B-yant — McFee 

loi Story of Robert E. \,te.—McKane 

105 Story of Canada — Douglas 

106 Story of Mexico — McCabe 

107 Story of Robert LouisSteveuson — Bush 
141 Story of Grant — McKane 

144 Story of Steam — McCabe 

145 Story of McKinley — Mc Bride 

179 Story of the Flag — Baker 

190 Story of Father Hennepin — McBride 

191 Story of LaSalle — McBride 

185 Story of the First Crusade— i^«?arf 

217 Story of Florence Nightingale — McFee 

2i8 Story of Peter Cooper— A/c/v'^ 

no Story of Hawthorne— iJ/c/^?^ 

232 Story of Shakespeare 

Literature 

8 King of the Golden River — Ruskin 

9 The Golden Touch — Haivthorne 

108 History in Verse (Sheridan's Ride, In- 

dependence Bell, etc.) 

180 Story of Aladdin and of Ali Baba — Lewis 

183 A Dog of Flanders— Z)^ la Ramee 



184 The Nurnberg Stove — De la Rauwe 

186 Heroes from King Arthur — Gravies 
194 Whittier's Poems. Selected. 

199 Jackanapes — Ewing 

200 The Child of Urbiuo — De la Ramee 

208 Heroes of Asgard — Selections — Keary 
212 Stories from Robin Hood — Bush 

234 Poems Worth Knowing — Book II— Inter- 
mediate 

SIXTH YEAR 
Nature 
109 Gifts of the Forest (Rubber, Cinchona, 

Resin, ^\.c.)— McFee 
Qeograpliy 

114 Great European Cities — I (London and 

Paris) — Bush 

115 Great P^uropean Cities— II (Rome and 

Berlin)— ^?/^A 

168 Great European Cities— III (St. Peters- 
burg and Constantinople) — Bush 

History and Biography 

116 Old English Heroes (Alfred, Richard the 

Lion-Heaited, The Black Prince) 

117 Later English Heroes (Cromwell, Well- 

ington, Gladstone) — Bush 

160 Heroes of the Revolution^ 7>-7i/ya;« 
163 Stories of Courage — Bush 

187 Lives of Webster and QX&y -Tiistravi 

188 Story of Napoleon- i?7/iA 

189 Stories of Heroism — Bush 

197 Story of Lafayette — Bush 

198 Story of Roger ^'\\\'\3i\ws—Leightou 

209 Lewis and Clark Expedition-//^? wrfow 
219 Story oi\o\v2i— McFee 

224 Story of William 1€i\—Hallock 
Literature 

10 The Snow Image — Hawthorne 

11 Rip Van Winkle— //'T^zw^ 

12 Legend of Sleepy Hollow — Irving 
22 Rab and His Friends — Brow7i 

24 Three Golden Apples — Hawthorne 

25 The Miraculous Pitcher — Hawtltorne 

26 The Minotaur — Hawthorne 

119 Bryant's Thanatopsis and Other Poems 

120 Selections from Longfellow— II 

121 Selections from Holmes 

122 The Pied Piper of Hamelin — Browning 

161 The Great Carbuncle, Mr. Higgin- 

botham's Catastiophe, Snowflakes — 
Haivthorne 

162 The Yygm'ie'i— Hawthorne 

222 Kingsley's Greek Heroes — Part I. The 

Story of Perseus 

223 Kingsley's Greek Heroes— Part II. The 

Story of Theseus 

225 Tennyson's Poems— For various grades 
229 Responsive Bible R.&adin^s—Zeller 

SEVENTH YEAR 
Literature 

13 Courtship of Miles Standish 
lA. Evangeline — Longfellow 

15 Snow Bonnd— lyh i t tier 

20 The Great Stone Face—Hawthorne 

123 Selections from Wordsworth 

124 Selections from Shelley and Keats 

125 Selections from Merchant of Venice 
147 Story of King Arthur as told by Teuny- 

son — Ha I lock 

Continued on next page 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



INSTRUCTOR LITERATURJ 




I lav 



149 Man Without a Country, The— Hale 

192 Story of Jeau Valjean. 

193 Selections from the Sketch Book. 
196 The Gray Champion— Nawthofne 
213 Poems of Thomas Moore— Selected 
216 lyamb's Tales from Shakespeare— Select- 
ed 

231 The Oregon Trail(Condensed from Park- 
man) 

238 L,amb's Adventures of Ulysses— Part I 

239 L,amb's Adventures of Ulysses— Part II 

EIGHTH YEAR 

Literature 

17 Enoch Arden—7>n«_y5on 

18 Vision of Sir Launfal — Lowell 

19 Cotter's Saturday Night— ^7«»-nj 
23 The Deserted M\\\&%e— Goldsmith 

126 Rime of the Ancient Mariner 

127 Gray's E)legy and Other Poems 

128 Speeches of lyincoln 

129 Selections from Julius Caesar 

130 Selections from Henry the Eighth 

131 Selections from Macbeth 
Price 5 Cents Eacli. Postage, 1 Cent per copy extra. Order by Number. 

Twelve or more copies sent prepaid at 60 cents per dozen or $5,00 per hundred. 



142 Scott's I 

l^iiuud'ing 016 092 084 

Lonsfellow 
148 Horatius, Ivry, The Armada— A/aca 

150 Bunker Hill Address— Selections from 

the Adams and Jefferson Oration— 
Webster 

151 Gold Bug, The— Po^ 

153 Prisoner of Chillon and Other Poems— 
Byron 

155 Rhoecus and Other Vo^xw^- -Lowell 

156 Edgar Allan Poe— Biography and Se- 

lected Poems — Link 
158 Washington's Farewell Address and 
Other Papers 

169 Abram Joseph Ryan — Biography and 

Selected Poems — Smith 

170 PaulH. Hayne— Biography and Selected 

Poems— Z/w4: 
215 lyife of Samuel Johnson — Macaulay 
221 Sir Roger de Coverly Va.peTS>— Addison 
237 L,ay of the I^ast Minstrel — Scott. 

duction and Canto I 



I 



Intro- 



Annotated Classics and Supplementary Readers 

In addition to the Five Cent books given above the Instructor Series includes the 
following titles. Most of these are carefully edited by capable teachers of English, 
Avith Introduction, Notes and Outlines for Study, as noted. They are thoroughly 
adapted for class use and study as needed in various grades. Prices]after each book. 



350 Evangeline. Longfellow. With bio- 
graphical sketch, historical introduc- 
tion, oral and written exercises and 
notes 10c 

251 Courtship of Miles Standish. Longfel- 
low. With Introduction and Notes. 10c 

252 Vision of Sir Launfal. Lowell. Biograph- 
ical sketch, introduction, notes, ques- 
tions and outlines for study 10c 

253 Enoch Arden. Tennyson. Biographi- 
cal sketch, introduction, explanatory 
notes, outlines for study and questions 
lOc 

254 Great Stone Face. Hawthorne. Bio- 
graphical sketch, introduction, notes, 
questions and outlines for study. . . . .lOc 

354 Criclcet on the Hearth. Chas. Dickens. 
Complete 10c 

255 Browning's Poems. Selected poems 
with notes and outlines lor study. . .10c 

256 Wordsworth's Poems. Selected poems 
with introduction, notes and outlines 
for study 1 Oc 

257 Sohrab and Rustum. Arnold. With in- 
troduction, notes and outlines for 
study 10c 

258 The Children's Poet. A study of Long- 
fellow's poetry for children of the pri- 



mary grades, with explanations, lan- 
gitage exercises, outlines, written end 
oral work, with selected poems. By 
Lillie Faris, Ohio Teachers Col ege, 
Athens, Ohio 10c 

259 A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens. 
Complete 10c 

260 Familiar Legends. Inez N. McFee. A 
book of old tales retold for young 
people 10c 

261 Some Water Birds. Inez N. McFee. 
Description, habits, and stories of, for 
Fourth to Sixth grades 10c 

350 Hiawatha. IvOngfellow. With intro- 
duction and notes 15c 

352 Milton's Hinor Poems. Edited by Cy- 
rus Lauron Hooper. Biographical 
sketch and introduction, with explana- 
tory notes and questions for study; criti- 
cal comments and pronouncing vocab- 
ulary of proper names 1 5c 

353 Silas Marner. Eliot. Biographical 
sketch, numerous notes, questions for 
study, critical comments and bibliog- 
raphy, by Hiram R. Wilson, State 
Normal College, Athens, O. 230 pages. 

Paper 2«c 

In cloth binding 30c 



Published Jointly by 



F. A. OWEN CO. Dansville, N. Y. 
HALL A McCREARV, Chicago, ill. 



